Spain

Map

Not to be missed

• Pozo Azul →

  The classic of northern Spain: clear water of 9–11 °C all year, and the galleries are only for certified, experienced cave divers.

• Font Bordonera →

  An exploration cave in the Pre-Pyrenees to 80 m, with sediment, restrictions and deep sections at ~765 m altitude: one for experienced full cave divers.

• Cueva del Agua (Isla Plana) →

  A cave with water of 29–31 °C that you can dive all year; guiding and training are available locally.

• La Catedral (Cap d'en Font) →

  A cavern to 20 m on the Cap d'en Font coast, outside the marine reserves and guided by local centres: a good choice for cavern divers.

• Cueva de las Gambas (Puerto del Carmen) →

  A cavern in volcanic rock near Puerto del Carmen with water of 17–24 °C; note that it reaches 45 m.

Regions

• Northern SpainCold karst springs in Burgos around the Pozo Azul, one of Spain's longest underwater caves, the deep and tightly regulated Fuentona in Soria and the sumps of the Matienzo karst in Cantabria. Lots of exploration terrain, few facilities.10 caves · down to 135 m
• CataloniaDeep, silty springs in the Pre-Pyrenees (Font Bordonera, Forat de l'Or), an expedition sump in the Cerdanya, and easy sea caves and tunnels at the Medes Islands, along the Montgrí coast and at L'Escala.10 sites · down to 80 m
• Alto Tajo & Serranía de CuencaTwo cold springs in natural parks on the Guadalajara–Cuenca uplands: the long sump of Fuentenavina in the Alto Tajo and Fuencaliente on the La Toba reservoir.2 caves · down to 44 m
• Levante (Alicante and Murcia)Two serious caves – the Cova del Moraig near Benitatxell (brackish, >3 km, to ~-100 m) and the thermal maze of the Cueva del Agua at Isla Plana (29–31 °C, >7 km) – plus easy sea caves around Cabo Tiñoso, Cabo Cope and Tabarca.7 caves · down to 100 m
• AndalusiaDeep karst springs and sumps in the Sierra de las Nieves (Zarzalones to -92 m, Minilla, Cinojal) — mostly permit-bound exploration dives — plus sea caves near La Herradura, most of which may no longer be entered inside the protected Maro-Cerro Gordo area.6 sites · down to 92 m
• MallorcaLong, shallow anchialine caves on the east coast, such as sa Gleda and Cova des Coll, nearly all of them permit-only. Plus sea caves with air chambers at Dragonera, Cala Ratjada and Formentor.13 caves · down to 40 m
• MenorcaSea caves: Pont d'en Gil near Ciutadella (>200 m with air domes and formations), the Cap d'en Font cave cluster on the south coast (Moon Pool, Belltower, Catedral; Scorpion Cave and Organ Loft for cave-certified divers only) and caverns near Fornells and S'Algar — cave diving is banned in the two marine reserves.15 caves · down to 30 m
• LanzaroteSea caves and lava tubes: the Catedral and the Cueva de las Gambas at Puerto del Carmen, the El Ascensor lava tube and the small caverns of Charco del Palo near Mala — the famous Túnel de la Atlántida under the Jameos del Agua (1.6 km, -64 m) is open to scientific expeditions only.5 caves · down to 64 m

Good to know

• Each region has its own rules. In Cantabria most caves need authorisation, and you always notify 112 before entering a cave. La Fuentona (Soria) is very restricted.
• On Mallorca many caves are Natura 2000 sites; cave diving there is only allowed by exception, and diving without a permit gets you reported. Many entrances are also on private land.
• In the marine reserves (Medes, Cabo Tiñoso, Tabarca, Menorca) the dive centre usually arranges the permit. In the Menorca reserves diving inside underwater caves is banned.
• Water temperatures vary widely: ~7 °C in Galicia, 9–11 °C in the Pozo Azul, ~19–20 °C with haloclines in the Mallorca caves and 29–31 °C in the Levante.
• Trimix is scarce inland: Burgos and Soria have no fill station, the nearest are in Cantabria. For the Pre-Pyrenees you fill in Barcelona.

Tips for safe and enjoyable diving

• Springs react strongly to rain and snowmelt. Plan caves such as Forat de l'Or and Fou de Bor for a dry spell; in Andalusia sump diving happens mainly in summer.
• Apply for permits well in advance: in the Serranía de Cuenca it can take up to three months, on Mallorca up to 6 months.
• Fou de Bor (~1,160 m) and Fuentenavina (~1,205 m) are at altitude: set your computer for altitude diving and bring your own gas and a booster.
• In the warm Levante caves dive in a thin wetsuit; drink enough and watch for overheating.
• In an accident call 112; 112 decides which chamber you go to. DAN Europe: +39 06 4211 5685. Rescues in remote caves can take a long time.

Certification requirements, configurations and trimix depths are estimates for planning. Always check them locally and dive within your training.

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